Omanghana
The precise cause of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults remains unknown, but research suggests that genetics and differences in brain development play important roles.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent difficulties involving attention, impulsivity and, in some cases, hyperactivity. Although some people are not diagnosed until adulthood, symptoms generally begin during childhood and may continue through adolescence and later life.
Family history is one of the strongest recognised risk factors. ADHD frequently occurs among members of the same family, and people with a parent or sibling who has the condition are more likely to develop it. Scientists believe numerous genetic variations are involved rather than one specific “ADHD gene.”
Researchers are also examining differences in how certain brain networks develop and communicate. Studies have identified variations in regions and connections involved in attention, planning, motivation, decision-making and impulse control. Brain chemicals such as dopamine and norepinephrine are believed to participate in these processes, although describing ADHD simply as a “chemical imbalance” would be an oversimplification.
According to the US National Institute of Mental Health, scientists continue to investigate how genetics, brain development and environmental influences may combine to increase a person’s likelihood of developing ADHD.
Certain prenatal and early-development factors have also been associated with a higher risk. These include premature birth, low birth weight, exposure to lead and some harmful exposures during pregnancy. However, an association does not necessarily mean that any single factor directly causes the condition.
ADHD is not caused by poor parenting, inadequate discipline or laziness. Evidence also does not support the claim that eating too much sugar directly causes the disorder. Screen use may affect sleep, concentration or behaviour in some individuals, but it has not been established as a primary cause of ADHD.
Because problems with sleep, anxiety, depression, substance use and other medical conditions can produce similar symptoms, adults who suspect they have ADHD should seek a comprehensive assessment from a qualified health professional rather than relying on self-diagnosis.
Source: Omanghana
